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Michael A. Pack, MD
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Professor of Medicine (Gastroenterology)
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Department: Medicine
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Graduate Group Affiliations
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Contact information
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421 Curie Boulevard
44 1113 Biomedical Research Building
Philadelphia, PA 19104
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44 1113 Biomedical Research Building
Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Office: (215) 573-4145
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Publications
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Education:
21 9 B.A. c
44 State University of New York at Binghamton, 1980.
21 9 M.D. c
2e Washington University, 1984.
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Permanent link21 9 B.A. c
44 State University of New York at Binghamton, 1980.
21 9 M.D. c
2e Washington University, 1984.
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60 Keywords: Zebrafish and mouse genetics, developmental biology, cancer, chemical genetics
8
16d Research details: Using the zebrafish system, we have applied genetics, gene targeting methodologies and pharmacological analyses to questions pertaining to growth, differentiation and survival of progenitor cells in the intestine, liver and pancreas. Through the positional cloning of zebrafish mutants our studies have led us in a number of directions.
8
31 Maintenance of Tissue Architecture
a
369 We have shown that a recessive mutation that disrupts the normal regulation of smooth muscle myosin in the intestine drives adjacent epithelial cells to invade the tissue stroma. The invasive cells form matrix degrading invadopodia on their basal cell membrane in response to a physical signal from the adjacent smooth muscle cells, thus providing novel insights into the mechanism of invadopodia formation. Importantly, we have also shown that the myosin mutation sensitizes heterozygous mutant epithelial cells to become invasive in response to oxidative stress. This work has direct relevance to cancer invasion and metastases, particularly how some individuals may have a heritable predisposition to these phenomena. We are now working with mice that carry the identical smooth muscle myosin mutation so we can gauge its effects in colorectal cancer models.
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33 Mechanisms of Bile Duct Development
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241 We have generated zebrafish models of congenital and heritable biliary diseases such as infantile biliary atresia (BA), Alagille syndrome, the ARC syndrome and the rare disorder, North American Indian Childhood Cirrhosis. Most recently we used the zebrafish to identify a novel plant isoflavone that is responsible for epidemic biliary atresia in livestock. This naturally occurring BA model closely will now provide novel mechanistic insights into this enimagtic disorder, which is the most common indication for liver transplantation in the pediatric population.
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30 Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis
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217 Through mutagenesis we have identified a role for the nuclear pore associated protein Elys in the maintenance of genome stability during DNA replication. Our studies indicate that the Elys protein performs this function independently of its role in driving nuclear pore reassembly. We are using zebrafish and mouse models to further analyze Elys. We have also identified an role for RNA Pol III transcription in epithelial maintenance and have established collaborations to examine this role in mouse models (Kaestner lab).
8
20 Chemical Genetics
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a1 We are using the zebrafish in chemical genetic screens designed to identify compounds that modulate intestinal lipid absorption and intestinal motility.
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48 Rotation projects for all of these research areas are available.
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1f Current lab personnel:
32 Xiao Zhao, M.D. - Post-Doctoral Researcher
40 Benjamin Wilkins, M.D., Ph.D. - Post-Doctoral Researcher
35 Zev Einhorn, Ph.D. - Post-Doctoral Researcher
28 Joshua Abrams - Graduate student
2a Jie He, M.D. - Research Specialist
2c Mani Muthumani - Research Specialist
39 Kristin Lorent, Ph.D. - Senior Research Associate
30 Weilong Gong, Ph.D. - Research Specialist
65
1a 29
27
Description of Research Expertise
96 Research interests: Research in my laboratory is geared towards studying medically relevant aspects of digestive organ development.8
60 Keywords: Zebrafish and mouse genetics, developmental biology, cancer, chemical genetics
8
16d Research details: Using the zebrafish system, we have applied genetics, gene targeting methodologies and pharmacological analyses to questions pertaining to growth, differentiation and survival of progenitor cells in the intestine, liver and pancreas. Through the positional cloning of zebrafish mutants our studies have led us in a number of directions.
8
31 Maintenance of Tissue Architecture
a
369 We have shown that a recessive mutation that disrupts the normal regulation of smooth muscle myosin in the intestine drives adjacent epithelial cells to invade the tissue stroma. The invasive cells form matrix degrading invadopodia on their basal cell membrane in response to a physical signal from the adjacent smooth muscle cells, thus providing novel insights into the mechanism of invadopodia formation. Importantly, we have also shown that the myosin mutation sensitizes heterozygous mutant epithelial cells to become invasive in response to oxidative stress. This work has direct relevance to cancer invasion and metastases, particularly how some individuals may have a heritable predisposition to these phenomena. We are now working with mice that carry the identical smooth muscle myosin mutation so we can gauge its effects in colorectal cancer models.
8
33 Mechanisms of Bile Duct Development
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241 We have generated zebrafish models of congenital and heritable biliary diseases such as infantile biliary atresia (BA), Alagille syndrome, the ARC syndrome and the rare disorder, North American Indian Childhood Cirrhosis. Most recently we used the zebrafish to identify a novel plant isoflavone that is responsible for epidemic biliary atresia in livestock. This naturally occurring BA model closely will now provide novel mechanistic insights into this enimagtic disorder, which is the most common indication for liver transplantation in the pediatric population.
8
8
30 Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis
8
217 Through mutagenesis we have identified a role for the nuclear pore associated protein Elys in the maintenance of genome stability during DNA replication. Our studies indicate that the Elys protein performs this function independently of its role in driving nuclear pore reassembly. We are using zebrafish and mouse models to further analyze Elys. We have also identified an role for RNA Pol III transcription in epithelial maintenance and have established collaborations to examine this role in mouse models (Kaestner lab).
8
20 Chemical Genetics
8
a1 We are using the zebrafish in chemical genetic screens designed to identify compounds that modulate intestinal lipid absorption and intestinal motility.
8
48 Rotation projects for all of these research areas are available.
8
1f Current lab personnel:
32 Xiao Zhao, M.D. - Post-Doctoral Researcher
40 Benjamin Wilkins, M.D., Ph.D. - Post-Doctoral Researcher
35 Zev Einhorn, Ph.D. - Post-Doctoral Researcher
28 Joshua Abrams - Graduate student
2a Jie He, M.D. - Research Specialist
2c Mani Muthumani - Research Specialist
39 Kristin Lorent, Ph.D. - Senior Research Associate
30 Weilong Gong, Ph.D. - Research Specialist
65
Description of Clinical Expertise
30 Gastroenterology and Hepatology.1a 29
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95 Wilkins BJ, Gong W, Pack M: A novel keratin18 promoter that drives reporter gene expression in the 4c intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary system allows isolation of cell-type 6f specific transcripts from zebrafish liver. Gene Expression Patterns 14(2): 62-68, 2014.
12e Wilkins BJ, Lorent K, Matthews RP, and Pack M: p53-mediated biliary defects caused by knockdown of cirh1a, the zebrafish homolog of the gene responsible for North American Indian Childhood Cirrhosis. PLoS One 8(10): e77670, 2013.
14c Walters JA, Anderson JL, Bittman R, Pack M and Farber SA: Visualization of lipid metabolism in the larval zebrafish intestine reveals a relationship between NPC1L1 mediated cholesterol uptake and dietary fatty acids. Chemistry and Biology 19(7): 913-25, 2012.
fb Seiler C, Davuluri G, Abrams J, Byfield FJ, Janye PA and Pack M: Smooth muscle tension induces invasive remodeling of the zebrafish intestine. PLoS Biology 10(9): e1001385, 2012.
110 Abrams J, Davuluri G, Seiler C, Pack M: Smooth muscle caldesmon modulates peristalsis in the wild type and non-innervated zebrafish intestine. Neurogastroenterology and Motililty 24(3): 288-99, 2012.
f0 Gao N, Davuluri G, Gong W, Seiler C, Furth EE, Kaestner K and Pack M : The Nuclear Pore Complex Proetin Elys is Required for Genome Stability in Mouse Intestinal Epithelial Progenitor Cells 43 Gastroenterology 140(5): 1547-1555, 2011.
105 Matthews RP, Eua Claire SF, Mungier M, Lorent K, Cui Shuang, Zhang Z, Russo P and Pack M : DNA Hypomethylation Causes Bile Duct Injury in Zebrafish and Is a Distinguishing Feature of Infantile Biliary Atresia 37 Hepatology 3(3): 905-14, 2011.
118 Davuluri G, Gong W, Yusuff S, Lorent K, Muthumani M, Dolan AC and Pack M.: Mutation of the Zebrafish Nucleoporin elys Sensitizes Tissue Progenitors to Replication Stress. PLoS Genetics 4(10): e1000240, 2008.
152 Yee NS, Gong W, Huang Y, Lorent K, Dolan AC, Maraia RJ and Pack M: Mutation of RNA Polymerase III Subunit rpc2/polr3b Leads to Deficiency of the RNA Cleavage Subunit, Rpc11/Polr3k, and Disrupts Zebrafish Digestive System Development. PLOS Biology 5(11): e312, 2007.
2c
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Selected Publications
164 Lorent K, Gong W, Koo KA, Waisbourd-Zinman O, Karjoo S, Zhao X SealyI, Kettleborough RN, Stemple DL, Windsor PA, Whittaker SJ, Porter JR, Wells RG, and Pack M : Identification of a Plant Isoflavonoid that Causes Biliary Atresia Science Translational Medicine 7(286): 286ra67, 2015.95 Wilkins BJ, Gong W, Pack M: A novel keratin18 promoter that drives reporter gene expression in the 4c intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary system allows isolation of cell-type 6f specific transcripts from zebrafish liver. Gene Expression Patterns 14(2): 62-68, 2014.
12e Wilkins BJ, Lorent K, Matthews RP, and Pack M: p53-mediated biliary defects caused by knockdown of cirh1a, the zebrafish homolog of the gene responsible for North American Indian Childhood Cirrhosis. PLoS One 8(10): e77670, 2013.
14c Walters JA, Anderson JL, Bittman R, Pack M and Farber SA: Visualization of lipid metabolism in the larval zebrafish intestine reveals a relationship between NPC1L1 mediated cholesterol uptake and dietary fatty acids. Chemistry and Biology 19(7): 913-25, 2012.
fb Seiler C, Davuluri G, Abrams J, Byfield FJ, Janye PA and Pack M: Smooth muscle tension induces invasive remodeling of the zebrafish intestine. PLoS Biology 10(9): e1001385, 2012.
110 Abrams J, Davuluri G, Seiler C, Pack M: Smooth muscle caldesmon modulates peristalsis in the wild type and non-innervated zebrafish intestine. Neurogastroenterology and Motililty 24(3): 288-99, 2012.
f0 Gao N, Davuluri G, Gong W, Seiler C, Furth EE, Kaestner K and Pack M : The Nuclear Pore Complex Proetin Elys is Required for Genome Stability in Mouse Intestinal Epithelial Progenitor Cells 43 Gastroenterology 140(5): 1547-1555, 2011.
105 Matthews RP, Eua Claire SF, Mungier M, Lorent K, Cui Shuang, Zhang Z, Russo P and Pack M : DNA Hypomethylation Causes Bile Duct Injury in Zebrafish and Is a Distinguishing Feature of Infantile Biliary Atresia 37 Hepatology 3(3): 905-14, 2011.
118 Davuluri G, Gong W, Yusuff S, Lorent K, Muthumani M, Dolan AC and Pack M.: Mutation of the Zebrafish Nucleoporin elys Sensitizes Tissue Progenitors to Replication Stress. PLoS Genetics 4(10): e1000240, 2008.
152 Yee NS, Gong W, Huang Y, Lorent K, Dolan AC, Maraia RJ and Pack M: Mutation of RNA Polymerase III Subunit rpc2/polr3b Leads to Deficiency of the RNA Cleavage Subunit, Rpc11/Polr3k, and Disrupts Zebrafish Digestive System Development. PLOS Biology 5(11): e312, 2007.
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